Waist circumference was measured to the nearest cm. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured by nurses specially trained for the survey procedures. Health examination was carried out according to the WHO MONICA project protocol. They were asked to complete the questionnaire at home, and bring it to the health examination. Together with the invitation, they also received a self-administered questionnaire on socioeconomic background, medical history, and health behavior. ![]() The study participants were invited to a clinical examination by mail. A random sample of 4500 subjects aged 45–74 years, stratified according to sex, 10-year age groups (45–54, 55–64, and 65–74 years) and the three geographical areas, was selected from the National Population Register in September 2004. The FIN-D2D survey was carried out in hospital districts of Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia and Central Finland during October 2004 and January 2005. The aims of this study were to investigate the current prevalence of obesity, central obesity and abnormal glucose tolerance as well as the associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and abnormal glucose tolerance among 45–74 year-old Finnish men and women, and to assess whether the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance is associated with increased central obesity among people who are normal weight, overweight or obese. Given the current knowledge that visceral fat is metabolically more dangerous than subcutaneous fat, it is surprising that there is only limited information available about the association between the risk of abnormal glucose tolerance among overweight and obese people with increasing waist circumference. Furthermore, there is sufficient evidence from several studies to conclude that lifestyle intervention in people with IGT can result in sustained lifestyle changes and a reduction in diabetes incidence. Indeed, 90% of individuals with T2D are either overweight or obese. Several studies have shown that the risk of developing abnormal glucose tolerance including T2D is closely linked to the presence and duration of overweight and obesity. ![]() This finding together with the data from the Diabetes Epidemiology – Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic Criteria in Europe (DECODE) study based on earlier surveys give reason to assume that the correct prevalence of diabetes in the population is markedly higher than recognized.Ībnormal glucose tolerance such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are modifiable risk factors of T2D and cardiovascular diseases. The study conducted in Finland observed that there was a large number of clinically undiagnosed T2D cases. The prevalence of T2D in the 45–64 years-old population in Finland has been found to be 10.2% in men and 7.4% in women in 1992. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of adults with diabetes will more than double from an estimated 143 million in 1997 to 300 million by 2025. In men, there was no risk difference.Ĭonclusion: The higher risks for MetS in females with depressive symptoms at baseline suggest that depression may be an important predisposing factor for the development of MetS.The increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle are the major underlying causes for type 2 diabetes (T2D) to become one of the fastest growing public health problems worldwide, imposing a high financial burden on health care costs. ![]() The risk was highest in the subgroup with more melancholic symptoms evaluated with a summary score of the melancholic items in BDI (OR 6.81, 95% CI: 2.09–22.20). Results: The logistic regression analysis showed a 2.5-fold risk (95% CI: 1.2–5.2) for the females with depressive symptoms (BDI ≥10) at baseline to have MetS at the end of the follow-up. Method: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome at baseline, and after a 7-year follow-up as measured with Beck depression inventory (BDI), and using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) were studied in a middle-aged population-based sample ( n = 1294). Objective: To evaluate the risk for developing metabolic syndrome when having depressive symptoms.
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